In order for the period
to be independant of the size (or amplitude) of the swing, the force returning
the pendulum to the middle position needs to be proportional to the displacement
from the middle position.
The returning force, however, follows a sinusoidal not a linear law. For
small swing amplitudes this isn't far off the linear ideal, but as the size
of the swing increases, the returning force is significantly less than this
- so the pendulum hangs around at the end its swing for a little longer,
and the whole swing takes longer.
To observe this in the Posn:Force phase diagram; set friction to zero, reduce
the pendulum's length and mass, and set it swinging with a swing going up
to the horizontal.
You'll notice that the higher the pendulum's swing, the less the returning
force achieves straight line proportionality - and the longer the swing
takes.